Fast determination of phosphorus concentration in phosphogypsum waste using calibration-free LIBS in air and helium

This work represents a novel method to determine phosphorus (P) concentration in phosphogypsum (PG) waste samples using calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). A 50 mJ Q-switched Nd: YAG laser has generated the PG LIBS spectrum. Spectroscopic analysis of plasma evolution been characterized by electron density Ne and temperature Te emission intensity stark broadening for P I characteristic lines 213.61, 214.91, 215.40 nm under non-purged (air) purged (helium) conditions. It was found that both have significant changes linearly with concentrations 4195, 5288, 6293, 6905 ppm. The values increased from about 6900 10,000 K 1.1 × 1017 3.4 cm?3, respectively, PG. On other hand, ranged 8200 11,000 1.4 3.5 helium. is concluded represent fingerprint characterization given samples, which can be used identify without PG's complete analysis. These results demonstrate new achievement field spectrochemical environmental applications.